Polish President Karol Nawrocki signed legislation Friday criminalizing “trash streaming,” a form of online broadcasting built around violent, abusive or degrading acts performed for views and money. His office announced the signing on X.
Under the new law, publicly distributing online content for financial or personal gain becomes a criminal offense when that content depicts serious crimes, animal abuse, or the degrading treatment of another person, even when that person consented to the act. Offenders face up to three years in prison. Livestreams that show or stage more serious crimes carry penalties of up to five years.
What “patostreaming” means in Poland

The law targets a phenomenon Poles call “patostreaming,” a term that fuses “pathological” with “streaming.” It describes livestreams or videos built around shocking, dangerous or humiliating behavior, content designed specifically to draw large audiences and generate advertising revenue or viewer donations.
The format has existed in various forms across online platforms for years, but Polish officials and child welfare advocates have grown increasingly concerned about two things: how it reaches young viewers, and how it turns violence and abuse into a business model. Streamers in this genre often build followings around humiliating vulnerable people on camera, staging confrontations, or performing acts of self-harm and abuse for tips and ad revenue.
Konrad Ciesiolkiewicz, deputy head of Poland’s State Commission for Counteracting Child Sexual Abuse, welcomed the signing. He said the new rules marked what he called the end of accepting the building of popularity by humiliating others. Ciesiolkiewicz also pushed Poland to move faster on implementing the European Union’s Digital Services Act, which requires online platforms to remove illegal content more effectively than most currently do.
Rare unity in parliament
The bill cleared parliament in June with support that cut across Poland’s usual political divide. Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s governing coalition backed it, and so did the main opposition Law and Justice party, known as PiS. Tusk and PiS rarely agree on legislation, making the joint support notable in a parliament typically split along those lines.
The far-right Confederation party opposed the bill, warning it could open the door to censorship. Confederation has built its political identity partly around resisting state restrictions on speech and online expression, and its objection here follows that pattern. The party did not offer a substitute proposal for regulating the same content.
Part of a wider child-safety push
Nawrocki’s signature places the trash-streaming law inside a broader effort by Polish authorities to tighten protections for children online. Poland has spent the past several years working through a mix of national legislation and EU-level rules aimed at platforms hosting harmful content, including requirements for faster takedowns and stronger age verification.
The Digital Services Act, the EU regulation Ciesiolkiewicz referenced, requires large online platforms operating in the bloc to respond more quickly to reports of illegal content and to build in mechanisms for users to flag it. Poland’s implementation of that regulation has lagged, according to Ciesiolkiewicz, and he argued the trash-streaming law should accelerate that work rather than substitute for it.
Patostreaming has been documented in Poland since at least the mid-2010s, when livestreamers began building followings by staging fights, abusing pets on camera, or humiliating intoxicated or vulnerable people for an audience willing to pay for the spectacle through platform tipping systems. Several high-profile cases involving minors, either as viewers exposed to the content or as participants coerced into appearing in it, pushed the issue onto the national political agenda over the past decade.
Poland is not alone in wrestling with this category of content. Other countries have debated similar restrictions as livestreaming platforms have grown, and regulators across Europe have increasingly focused on monetization mechanisms, tips, subscriptions, ad revenue, as the incentive structure driving harmful content rather than the platforms themselves. The Polish law follows that logic directly: it defines the offense around content distributed for financial or personal gain, tying the criminal penalty to the profit motive behind the broadcast rather than only the act depicted.
The consent provision in the law is significant on its own. By criminalizing degrading treatment even when the person filmed agreed to it, Polish lawmakers rejected the defense streamers have often used, that participants in these videos volunteered and were compensated. That argument has previously complicated prosecutions in cases involving adults who agreed to appear in degrading or abusive content in exchange for payment.
With the law now signed, attention shifts to enforcement, including how prosecutors will apply the distinction between the base three-year penalty and the five-year maximum reserved for content that shows or stages more serious crimes, and how platforms operating in Poland will adjust their moderation practices to avoid hosting content that now carries direct criminal liability for those who create and profit from it.



























