OpenAI has asked a U.S. federal court to dismiss a lawsuit accusing its artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT of engaging in the unauthorized practice of law, arguing that the platform is merely a digital tool and not a licensed legal professional.
The legal dispute, filed in federal court in Chicago, could become one of the first major cases to test how courts treat generative AI systems as their use expands across legal research, document drafting and self-representation in litigation.
OpenAI contends that ChatGPT does not practice law, cannot replace attorneys and should not be held responsible for how users choose to apply the information it generates.
Lawsuit Centers on Use of ChatGPT in Disability Case
The case was brought by Nippon Life Insurance Company following a legal dispute involving former employee Graciela Dela Torre.
Dela Torre had previously sued the insurer over long-term disability benefits and later reached a settlement agreement in 2024. However, according to the insurer, she subsequently initiated another legal action and allegedly relied heavily on ChatGPT to prepare court filings.
Nippon claims the AI platform helped generate numerous motions, notices and legal documents that flooded the court system and complicated proceedings.
The insurer argues that many of the submissions lacked legal merit and served no meaningful procedural purpose.
The lawsuit further alleges that ChatGPT effectively enabled conduct equivalent to unauthorized legal assistance by generating legal-style filings for a self-represented litigant.
The case has drawn attention because it moves beyond concerns over AI accuracy and directly questions whether generative AI tools could be considered participants in legal practice.
OpenAI: ChatGPT Is a Tool, Not a Lawyer

In its court filing, OpenAI firmly rejected the allegation.
The company argued that ChatGPT is not a person, has no legal qualifications and does not exercise independent legal judgment.
“ChatGPT is not a person and neither has nor uses any degree of legal knowledge or skill,” OpenAI stated in its filing.
OpenAI emphasized that the chatbot functions as an informational and research tool rather than a licensed advisor.
The company also pointed to its user terms, which warn individuals not to treat chatbot responses as substitutes for professional legal counsel.
According to OpenAI, responsibility ultimately rests with users regarding how they interpret or apply generated content.
The company maintained that Dela Torre had a legal right to represent herself and use available digital tools while doing so.
OpenAI argued that whether her arguments were legally sound was a matter for the presiding judge—not the AI platform.
Rise of AI in Courtrooms Sparks Debate
The case arrives as courts worldwide face a growing wave of litigants using generative AI systems to prepare legal documents.
Federal judges in the United States have increasingly reported seeing AI-assisted filings from individuals representing themselves.
Some courts have already introduced guidelines requiring lawyers to disclose AI use or verify citations after several high-profile incidents involving fabricated case references generated by AI systems.
Legal experts say the trend reflects a broader shift in access to legal resources.
Generative AI tools can draft motions, summarize statutes, explain procedures and assist users who may not afford traditional legal representation.
Supporters argue this improves access to justice.
Critics, however, warn that AI-generated legal content may contain inaccuracies, hallucinated citations or misleading advice.
The Nippon case may become an important test of where courts draw the line between legal assistance and legal practice.
Access to Justice vs Legal Risk
OpenAI defended ChatGPT as a technology that can help expand access to legal information.
In its filing, the company described the chatbot as “a helpful tool and research aid” that supports users navigating legal systems.
Access to legal representation remains a challenge in many jurisdictions due to high costs and limited availability of attorneys.
As a result, many individuals appear increasingly willing to use AI tools for initial legal research and document preparation.
Yet experts caution that generative AI remains imperfect.
Unlike lawyers, AI systems cannot independently verify facts, assess evidence, understand courtroom strategy or carry professional liability obligations.
Legal professionals have repeatedly warned that AI outputs require human review before submission in court.
The issue is particularly important because self-represented litigants may rely more heavily on AI-generated responses without legal oversight.
Broader Implications for AI Regulation
The lawsuit also reflects the broader regulatory questions surrounding artificial intelligence.
As AI tools become more integrated into sectors such as healthcare, finance, education and law, regulators face mounting pressure to define accountability.
Key questions emerging from the case include:
Can AI-generated legal content constitute legal practice?
Courts may need to determine whether producing legal-style documents crosses professional boundaries.
Who bears responsibility for AI use?
The dispute raises questions over whether liability lies with technology developers or end users.
How should AI in legal services be regulated?
The case could influence future policies governing generative AI use in legal settings.
OpenAI’s motion seeks complete dismissal of the case at an early stage.
If granted, the ruling could reinforce the view that AI systems function as tools rather than legal actors.
If the case proceeds, however, it may establish significant legal precedent for generative AI in court systems.
For now, the dispute highlights the rapidly changing relationship between artificial intelligence and the legal profession—an area where innovation, ethics and regulation are increasingly colliding.
As AI adoption accelerates, courts may soon face many more questions about where technology assistance ends and professional responsibility begins.















