Italy’s competition authority has launched a formal investigation into Apple over concerns the company may not be meeting interoperability requirements under the EU’s Digital Markets Act (DMA).
This is the first investigation the Italian regulator has opened under the new legislation, and it could become a serious test of how Europe plans to enforce rules aimed at reining in big tech.
The core question is whether Apple is giving rival cloud storage providers the same access to hardware and software features that its own iCloud service enjoys. Preliminary findings from the Italian watchdog suggest the answer may be no.
What the DMA Actually Requires

The Digital Markets Act places strict obligations on large tech companies the EU has designated as “gatekeepers.” Apple made that list because of its dominance in mobile operating systems, app distribution, and digital services.
Under the law, Apple must allow third-party cloud providers to interoperate with iOS and iPadOS on terms comparable to those iCloud gets. The point is to stop platform owners from tipping the scales in favor of their own products.
In practice, that means a company like Dropbox or Google Drive should be able to access the same system functions that iCloud uses, not a watered-down version of them.
What the Italian Regulator Found
Italy’s authority says third-party providers don’t appear to have access to the same technical components and system integrations that iCloud uses. If that holds up, it would make it harder for competing services to match iCloud’s performance or its depth of integration with Apple devices.
The gaps that matter here aren’t necessarily obvious ones. Differences in how a service syncs files, runs in the background, or manages data can quietly shape which apps users stick with. Small friction adds up.
The investigation will determine whether Apple’s current setup violates its DMA obligations.
A Pattern of Increasing Scrutiny
This case fits a broader pattern. European regulators have spent the past decade taking a harder look at dominant digital platforms, and the DMA is the most direct tool they’ve built so far.
Traditional antitrust cases require regulators to prove harm after the fact, a slow and expensive process. The DMA takes a different approach: it sets rules in advance that designated companies must follow, rather than waiting for complaints to pile up.
Apple has consistently argued that its platform restrictions protect user privacy and security. Regulators have consistently pushed back on whether those arguments are being stretched to cover competitive restrictions that have nothing to do with safety.
How This Feeds Into EU-Level Enforcement
Italy’s investigation won’t end in Rome. Under the DMA framework, national competition authorities can conduct preliminary investigations and collect evidence, but the European Commission holds primary enforcement authority.
Italian officials have said their findings will go to the Commission for further review. Depending on what turns up, the case could feed into broader enforcement action at the EU level.
It’s also an early signal of how aggressively national regulators plan to use the tools the DMA gives them, and how much pressure Apple can expect to face across different European markets.
What Changes If Apple Loses
If regulators determine Apple isn’t providing equal access, the company would likely be required to open up iOS and iPadOS in ways that give third-party cloud services a fairer shot. That could mean deeper system-level integration for services currently locked out of features iCloud takes for granted.
For consumers, that would translate into more real competition between cloud providers, competing on actual features and price rather than on how tightly their service is woven into the operating system.
The tech industry is watching. How this case plays out will say a lot about whether the DMA has real teeth or whether big platforms can manage compliance on their own terms.















